They get coal feet! That is for those who take this question as a joke.
On a serious note, one of the biggest problems miners face is their exposure to various potentially toxic or harmful materials or agents, including, but not limited to, fuels, reagents, solvents, detergents, chemicals, coal dust, silica dust, diesel particulate matter (DPM), asbestos, noise, welding fumes, poisonous plants, trona dust, and metal dust.
Furthermore, historically, miners may not have been adequately instructed about the dangers of specific exposures and to the necessary safety precautions required to maintain their health.
See this CDC publication: SELECTED HEALTH ISSUES IN MINING to learn more.
Miners don't only face health risks, the industry itself also struggles to address problems that pull the mining sector into a downward cycle.
Deloitte launches its global mining report, Tracking the Trends 2016 which identifies the top 10 trends mining companies will face this year. Find out what mining issues these firms are bound to face at www2.deloitte.com.